Everything about The Boudouard Reaction totally explained
The
Boudouard reaction is the
redox reaction of a
chemical equilibrium mixture of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide at a given temperature. It is the
disproportionation of
carbon monoxide into
carbon dioxide and
graphite or its reverse
» :2CO
CO
2 + C
According to the
Ellingham diagram, the
formation enthalpy of CO
2 by oxidation of carbon is constant and indifferent of the temperature, while the formation enthalpy of CO is a decreasing line. The Boudouard reaction implies that on lower temperatures the equilibrium is on the
exothermic carbon dioxide side and on higher temperatures the
endothermic formation of carbon monoxide is the dominant product, as predicted by the
Le Chatelier's Principle.
For instance, in the high-temperature, reducing environment of a smokestack, carbon monoxide is the stable product. When the carbon monoxide reaches the top of the smokestack, and the cooler air, the
Boudouard Reaction takes place, the carbon monoxide is oxidized into carbon dioxide, and the graphite precipitates (reduces) as soot. The
Ellingham diagram defines the equilibrium formation enthalpy on function of temperature.
In industrial
catalysis, this isn't just an eyesore; the coking can cause irreversible damage to catalysts and catalyst beds. This reaction also takes place in
blast furnaces where carbon monoxide is used as the reductive agent on purifying metallic iron from its oxides in ore.
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